| Japan | |
| Value |
+ 1 Reading: 50 sen coin – Wikipedia ⁄ 2 Japanese yen |
|---|---|
| Mass | Various g |
| Diameter | Various mm |
| Edge | Reeded |
| Shape | circular |
| Composition | Silver/copper, then later brass |
| Years of minting | 1870–1948 |
| Obverse | |
| Design | Encircled dragon, with Emperor’s name at the top, and 50 Sen written out on the bottom. (Pre-1922) |
| Design date | 1873 |
| Reverse | |
| Design | Two-sided wreath with a cherry blossom, and denomination. (Pre-1922) |
| Design date | 1873 |
The 50 sen coin ( 五十銭硬貨 ) was a japanese coin worth half of a japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. [ 1 ] These coins circulated from the late nineteenth hundred to the early 1950s, when Japan adopted a one currency unit and this coin was demonetized .
history [edit ]
Meiji neologism ( 1870–1912 ) [edit ]
Fifty sen coins were first mint towards the end of 1870 ( year 3 of Meiji ) from a newly established mint at Osaka. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] These coins were probably not placed in circulation immediately, as they were officially adopted with twelve other denominations by the Meiji government in an act signed on June 27, 1871. [ 4 ] This newly neologism gave Japan a western expressive style decimal fraction organization based on units of yen, which were broken down into auxiliary currency of sen, and rin. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Fifty sen coins go steady 1870 ( year 3 ) were initially authorized to be struck in .800 ash grey, weighs 193 grains ( 12.51g ), and has a 31.75mm diameter ( 1.25 in ). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ a ] The first design used is called rising sun dragon ( 旭日竜, Asahi Ryu ), which had its features engraved by a committee of japanese artists. [ 11 ] This design features a dragon with an open mouth on the obverse, while the reversion has a paulownia decoration with a sunburst in the center with the chrysanthemum seal up on exceed. Fifty sen coins were initially legal attendant merely up to the total of 10 yen which was fixed by government regulations. [ 12 ] There was a slender 0.5mm adjustment to the coin ‘s size erstwhile during production which may have resulted from shape done while repairing the die. [ 13 ] Striking sparse silver medal coins became an consequence as it shortened the animation of the dies used to strike the coins, this in act caused many cumbersome replacements. [ 13 ] An amendment to the newfangled currency act ( Daijo-kan Declaration No. 341 ( 新貨幣量目寸法改正 ) ) was adopted in November 1872 ( year 5 ) which intended to reduce the diameter, and increase the slant of the fifty sen coin. however, no coins were ever struck using the beginning design as the currency act was amended again towards the goal of that year. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] This amendment known as Daijo-kan Declaration No. 46. was implemented in February 1873 ( year 6 ). [ 15 ] Issues addressed included conforming the weights of the silver auxiliary currency to be proportional to the eloquent hankering. [ 15 ] Fifty sen coins were given a new design, were made to be chummy, were reduced from 31.75mm to 30.9mm, and had their burden increased from 193 ( 12.51g ) to 208 grains ( 13.47g ). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The irregular plan used is called dragon silver 50 sen ( 竜五十銭銀貨 ) as the sunburst on the reverse was replaced by a wreath. latin script is used for the first time with “ 50 SEN ” on the obverse under the draco, and the medallic orientation course was flipped. [ 16 ] Very few fifty dollar bill sen coins were minted between 1874 and 1876 as Japan unsuccessfully attempted to adopt a aureate standard. At the time, Meiji Tsuho notes were circulating as decree currency, and National Bank Notes were redeemable for gold. The latter of these notes were besides made inconvertible in August 1876 as the rising price of gold became an publish. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] National Bank Notes were by and by printed in big amounts to pay for the Satsuma Rebellion which occurred in February 1877. This in turn led to massive ostentation as inconvertible National Bank Notes lost their value against silver and gold coinage. The flatware one hankering coin was brought back into domestic department of commerce as a aspirant rectify on May 27, 1878 switching Japan to a de facto silver standard. [ 18 ] It is recorded by Edward Reed that production of fifty sen coins continued until at least June 30, 1878. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] The issue of national decree banknotes was ultimately suspended in 1880 by then prime minister Matsukata Masayoshi. [ 21 ] Fifty sen coins that were minted before this time were late exchanged for these discontinued notes. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] only proof strikes were made for coins go steady 1880 ( year 13 ) for exclusive practice in presentation sets. [ 24 ] During the next few years, Japan experienced a acuate drop in prices and compression of the economy in response to high inflation caused by the Satsuma Rebellion. [ 25 ] The Bank of Japan was established in 1882 ( year 15 ) to remedy the position, and two years later convertible banknotes were issued. [ 25 ] An imperial ordination was issued in June 1885 stating that silver medal payments would be resumed after January 1, 1886. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Fifty sen coins were not produced again until 1897, when the japanese government promulgated the “ currentness law ” ( Meiji 30 Law No. 16 ) which replaced the previous “ fresh currency dissemble ”. This raw law abolished the silver ache at which subsidiary company silver coins were previously fixed at, and officially switched Japan from a silver standard to a gold standard. No changes were made to fifty sen coins as they were re-established to their previous weight, size, and design. [ 27 ] production continued as the price of silver bullion remained steadily throughout the rest of the hundred. This changed when silver bullion began to rise aggressively in 1903 ( year 36 ) which threatened to exceed the face value of the fifty sen coin. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] It was reported by 1904 that fifty sen coins were not normally seen in circulation. [ 30 ] An amendment to the “ currentness law ” was promulgated as a remedy in March 1906 which lowered fifty sen coins from 30.9mm to 27.3mm, and their weight unit from 13.47g to 10.12 grams. [ 31 ] The third and final design used during the Meiji era on these now smaller coins is called rising sun 50 sen ( 旭日50銭銀貨, Asahi Nijusen ), as a sunburst design on the reverse was restored. [ 29 ] The wreath design previously used on the back side of the draco coins was adopted for the obverse .
Taishō neologism ( 1912–1926 ) [edit ]
During the reign of Emperor Taishō, the japanese government initially issued eloquent coinage as had been done previously under Meiji. Japan finally received a booming economy from the start of World War I due to a large barter excess. [ 32 ] The negative effects from this event included an increased demand for auxiliary coins which led to a coin dearth. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Silver bullion to make silver subsidiary company coins besides rose above their face value which posed a fiscal challenge to the mint. To remedy the situation, an imperial ordinance was promulgated on October 29, 1917 that authorized fractional currency in the amount of thirty million hankering. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Actual issue occurred in the following month with the notes being legal sensitive up to ten ache. [ 34 ] [ 36 ] No fifty sen coins were struck for circulation until 1922 ( year 11 ) when the notes were discontinued in favor of silver neologism. During this oversight, an amendment was placed into effect on May 1, 1918 which legally lowered the weight of the fifty dollar bill sen coin if more coins had been struck. [ 37 ] The silver content of the fifty dollar bill sen mint was ultimately lowered to 72 % by “ Law No. 73 ” of April 1922. The law besides reduced the size of fifty dollar bill sen coins from 27.3mm to 23.5mm, and their weight was changed from 10.12g to 4.95 grams. [ 38 ] During this time a one-third and final examination silver design was adopted for fifty sen coins called “ Phoenix 50 sen ” ( 鳳凰五十銭 ). The naming comes from two phoenix birds present on the inverse side of the coin flanking the coin ‘s respect. The obverse side of the coin features a sunburst flanked by cerise blossoms with the go steady and reigning emperor within the consecrated mirror. [ 39 ] These coins were struck with Taishō ‘s name on them until his death in 1926 ( year 15 ) .
Shōwa coinage ( 1928–1948 ) [edit ]
The production of Fifty sen coins resumed under Emperor Shōwa in 1928 ( year 3 ), and continued uninterrupted until the former 1930s. Japan found itself in conflict when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred in July 1937 ( year 12 of Shōwa ). This incident would finally lead to the gradual occupation of chinese territory by the Japanese as the second Sino-Japanese War. The National Mobilization Law was legislated in the Diet of Japan by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe on March 24, 1938 to prepare the nation for a potentially drawn-out war. Konoe ‘s military action led to the promulgation of the “ irregular currentness Law ” which came into effect on June 1, 1938. [ 40 ] The production of fifty sen coins was suspended in privilege of banknotes as the japanese politics wanted to redeem their precious silver alloy. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] No more fifty sen coins were struck until after the war due to the prohibitive price and handiness of silver. When World War II finally ended, a large sum of administration was left over from war material used to make aircraft. [ 43 ] The japanese politics made do with the position by using the alloy to produce fifty sen coins in 1946 until the brass supplies finally ran out. Fifty sen coins were finally demonetized at the end of 1953 when the japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary company neologism in favor of the ache. [ 44 ] Currencies of less than one hankering were rarely used by this clock time due to excessive post-war inflation. [ 45 ] Fifty sen coins now share their bequest with the 5 yen coin as they both use the like post- World War II era debase. [ 46 ]
composition and size [edit ]
circulation figures [edit ]
Design 1 – (1870 – 1871) 50 sen coin from 1870 ( year 3 ) design 1 – ( 1870 – 1871 )
Design 2 – (1873 – 1905) 50 sen mint from 1873 ( year 6 ) design 2 – ( 1873 – 1905 )
Design 3 – (1906 – 1912) 50 sen coin from 1906 ( class 39 ) design 3 – ( 1906 – 1912 )
Meiji [edit ]
The follow are circulation figures for the coins that were minted between the 3rd, and the 45th and last year of Meiji ‘s reign. Coins for this period all begin with the japanese symbol 明治 ( Meiji ) .
- Inscriptions on Japanese coins from this period are read clockwise from right to left:
“ year ” ← “ Number representing year of reign ” ← “ Emperor ‘s name ” ( Ex : 年 ← 五十三 ← 治明 )
| Year of reign | Japanese date | Gregorian date | Mintage[49] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd | 三 | 1870 | 1,806,293[9] |
| 4th | 四 | 1871 | |
| 4th | 四 | 1871 [c]) ( 19mm circle | 2,648,309[53] |
| 6th | 六 | 1873 | 3,447,733[48] |
| 7th | 七 | 1874 | 95,304[48] |
| 8th | 八 | 1875 | 109[48] |
| 9th | 九 | 1876 | 1,251[48] |
| 10th | 十 | 1877 | 184,348[48] |
| 13th | 三十 | 1880 | 179[48] |
| 18th | 八十 | 1885 | 409,920[48] |
| 30th | 十三 | 1897 | 5,078,437[48] |
| 31st | 一十三 | 1898 | 22,797,041[48] |
| 32nd | 二十三 | 1899 | 10,254,431[48] |
| 33rd | 三十三 | 1900 | 3,280,091
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| 34th | 四十三 | 1901 | 1,790,000 |
| 35th | 五十三 | 1902 | 1,023,200 |
| 36th | 六十三 | 1903 | 1,503,068 |
| 37th | 七十三 | 1904 | 5,373,652 |
| 38th | 八十三 | 1905 | 9,566,100 |
| 39th | 九十三 | 1906 | 12,478,264 |
| 40th | 十四 | 1907 | 24,062,952 |
| 41st | 一十四 | 1908 | 25,470,321 |
| 42nd | 二十四 | 1909 | 21,998,600 |
| 43rd | 三十四 | 1910 | 15,323,276 |
| 44th | 四十四 | 1911 | 9,900,437 |
| 45th | 五十四 | 1912 | 3,677,704 |
Taishō [edit ]
Design 1 – (1912 – 1917) 50 sen coin ( Same design as previous but with Taishō ) Design 1 – ( 1912 – 1917 )
Design 2 – (1922 – 1926) 50 sen coin from 1922 ( year 11 ) blueprint 2 – ( 1922 – 1926 ) The play along are circulation figures for the coins that were minted between the 1st and the 15th ( and last ) year of Taishō ‘s reign. Coins from this period all begin with the japanese symbol 大正 ( Taishō ) .
- Inscriptions on Japanese coins from this period are read clockwise from right to left:
- “Year” ← “Number representing year of reign” ← “Emperor’s name” (Ex: 年 ← 三十 ← 正大)
| Year of reign | Japanese date | Gregorian date | Mintage[49][50] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 元 | 1912 | 1,928,649 |
| 2nd | 二 | 1913 | 5,910,063 |
| 3rd | 三 | 1914 | 1,872,331 |
| 4th | 四 | 1915 | 2,011,253 |
| 5th | 五 | 1916 | 8,736,768 |
| 6th | 六 | 1917 | 9,963,232 |
| 11th | 一十 | 1922 | 76,320,000 |
| 12th | 二十 | 1923 | 185,180,000 |
| 13th | 三十 | 1924 | 78,520,000 |
| 14th | 四十 | 1925 | 47,808,000 |
| 15th | 五十 | 1926 | 32,572,000 |
Shōwa [edit ]
Design 1 – (1928 – 1938)[d] 50 sen coinDesign 1 – ( 1928 – 1938 )
Design 2 – (1946 – 1947) 50 sen coin from 1946 ( year 21 ) blueprint 2 – ( 1946 – 1947 )
Design 3 – (1947 – 1948) 50 sen mint from 1947 ( class 22 ) invention 3 – ( 1947 – 1948 ) The come are circulation figures for coins minted between the 3rd and the 23rd year of Emperor Shōwa ‘s reign. Coins from this period all begin with the japanese symbol 昭和 ( Shōwa ) .
- Inscriptions on Japanese coins from this period are read clockwise from right to left:
- “Year” ← “Number representing year of reign” ← “Emperor’s name” (Ex: 年 ← 二十 ← 和昭)
| Year of reign | Japanese date | Gregorian date | Mintage[50] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd | 三 | 1928 | 38,592,000 |
| 4th | 四 | 1929 | 12,568,000 |
| 5th | 五 | 1930 | 10,200,000 |
| 6th | 六 | 1931 | 27,677,501 |
| 7th | 七 | 1932 | 24,132,795 |
| 8th | 八 | 1933 | 10,001,973 |
| 9th | 九 | 1934 | 20,003,995 |
| 10th | 十 | 1935 | 11,738,334 |
| 11th | 一十 | 1936 | 44,272,796 |
| 12th | 二十 | 1937 | 48,000,533 |
| 13th | 三十 | 1938 (Silver) | 3,600,717 |
| 21st | 一十二 | 1946 (Brass) | 268,161,000 |
| 22nd | 二十二 | 1947 | |
| 22nd | 二十二 | 1947 (Reduced size) | 849,234,445 |
| 23rd | 三十二 | 1948 |
Collecting [edit ]
The measure of any given coin is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general choose uncleaned appealing coins. Fifty sen coins lasted through three unlike imperial era from 1870 to 1948. The first base coins minted in 1870 and 1871 use the rising sun dragon ( 旭日竜, Asahi Ryu ) design. Two major varieties in particular stand out for these as one has a 19mm circle of dots around the draco on the obverse, while the other is 21mm. Fifty sen coins minted with dates reading 1874 to 1877 ( year 7 to 10 of Meiji ) are all extremely rare. numismatist Cornelius Vermeule had once indicated that coins date 1874 ( year 7 ) did not exist before examples were found. One mint in finical in MS-62 condition sold for $ 48,000 ( USD ) at auction in 2018. [ 54 ] The Smithsonian Institution through the National Museum of American History besides has an exemplar in proof condition. [ 55 ] There are no know records of extant coins go steady 1875 ( class 8 ), this date besides has the lowest record mintage of the entire fifty sen series. Coins date 1876 ( year 9 ) only exist now in proof condition, and may have been used for presentation sets. [ 56 ] There are two varieties for this class with the stalk design on the turn back that are n’t a component to the coin ‘s curio. [ vitamin e ] An example sold at auction for $ 54,625 ( USD ) in MS-65 stipulate at auction in 2011. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] Fifty sen coins date 1877 ( year 10 ) have the highest mintage of the four but are however included in rarity. An exemplar graded “ VF Details ” due to environmental damage sold for $ 3,450 ( USD ) at auction in 2012. [ 58 ] Fifty sen coins date 1880 ( class 13 ) were never intended for circulation and have an estimated survival of 5 to 6 pieces out of the 179 originally minted. [ 24 ] A unique circulated model graded VF-35 sold at auction in September 2011 for $ 48,875 ( USD ). [ 59 ] early eloquent fifty dollar bill sen coins have frequently been counterfeited, so grading by an expert is recommended for collectors .
See besides [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
- ^[9][10] modern sourcing places the diameter at 31.5mm ( 1.24 in ) .
- ^[10] Some 1871 go steady coins were struck measuring 31mm .
- ^ This coin is broken up into two major varieties early than the regular issue strikes mentioned above. Type 1 ( mintage included here ) has a 19mm circle of dots around the obverse side dragon. The second base more panic variety show features a 21mm circle of dots around the dragon .
- ^ Fifty sen coins date 1928 to 1938 are identical to the moment purpose minted under Emperor Taishō. The difference is that “ 大正 ” ( Taishō ) has been replaced with “ 昭和 ” ( Shōwa ).
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- ^ Varities are negligible here as there are very few 1876 ( year 9 ) dated coins known .
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